AWD refers to ‘All Wheel Drive,’ an automatic system that distributes engine torque or power to all four wheels rather than just two.
Compared to traditional 4WD, which the driver must activate, AWD is always ready and active. It senses when a wheel is on a slippery surface, allowing it to provide additional power to that wheel before the driver can press the accelerator.
The main goal of AWD is to provide maximum safety on paved surfaces, whether it be rainy weather, snow, or even sleet.
- The driver is not required to engage AWD. The car automatically does it for them.
- AWD assists with the “powers” for moving. However, the additional stopping power is not provided when you depress the brake pedal.
- Many of the systems of modern cars will turn off at cruising speeds on the highway to conserve fuel.
- Sometimes you have to replace all four tires if a tire on your vehicle is destroyed in order to maintain balance for the entire AWD system on your vehicle.
AWD vs. 4WD: What is the Real Difference?
People often use these terms interchangeably. However, they cater to different types of consumers in the modern market. Think of AWD as a form of protection while driving every day, and 4WD as a heavy-duty operating device.
| Feature | All-Wheel Drive (AWD) | Four-Wheel Drive (4WD) |
| Who controls it? | The car’s computer | The driver (usually a button or lever |
| Best Surface | Pavement, rain, light snow | Mud, deep sand, rocky trails |
| Turning | Smooth and seamless on dry roads | Can “hop” or bind if used on dry pavement |
| Design Goal | On-road stability and safety | Off-road strength and towing |
| Common Models | Toyota RAV4, Subaru Forester | Jeep Wrangler, Ford F-150 |
Should I Drive with AWD “On” or “Off”?
Most new owners often wonder if they need to turn off the AWD system to conserve gas. However, you will not have that opportunity in most modern vehicles. Nearly all new cars will use Part-Time AWD.
If you are driving on a dry and clear highway, your vehicle will operate as a Front-Wheel Drive (4WD) vehicle with the back axles “tagging along” to save fuel. If you hit a section of slushy road, your vehicle’s computer will engage the rear axles.
43 MPH Rule: Many new electronic AWD systems (especially on hybrids like the Toyota Corolla Cross) are designed to fully disengage once you cross 43 mph.
Why? Because at highway speeds, the car’s weight and momentum provide enough stability that the extra power to the rear wheels would just waste gas.
You May Also Like: What Is Power Steering? How It Works
The Cost of Traction: Insurance and Maintenance
When purchasing an AWD (All Wheel Drive) vehicle, you will incur not only the extra cost of a higher sticker price when purchasing your vehicle. There are additional costs that may be associated with owning this type of vehicle:
Type of Insurance: The average cost for insurance on an AWD is 10-15% more than that of a standard vehicle due to the more complex drivetrain of the AWD. If you suffer an accident, there is likely to be a higher cost associated with replacing broken dampers or other suspension components associated with the AWD system.
Common Tires: In a 2WD, you may be able to replace just the two front tires of the vehicle, but due to differences in tire tread depth, the manufacturer requires that they be replaced at the same time on an AWD. Replacing only two tires could lead to potentially costly damage to the vehicle’s transmission, as all four tires will have near-identical tread depth.
Reliability: According to data from J.D. Power, the most common source of “software glitches” is the AWD system. In many cases, the device communication between the gas engine and the electronic AWD motors is so complex that software updates may be required after the initial sale of the vehicle.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is AWD required if you’re driving on snow?
AWD is helpful, but not a miracle. If you drive in a city where the snow removal teams arrive quickly or a city with minimal snow, then a 2WD vehicle equipped with winter tires could produce a better option than an AWD vehicle equipped with “All-Season” tires. AWD systems assist with “getting you going,” whereas tires provide a better means of stopping you.
Does AWD use more gas?
Yes, however, this gap is closing. The average AWD system only costs you about 1 or 2 miles per gallon compared to a 2WD model.
Can an AWD car get stuck in snow?
Absolutely. If the snow is high enough to touch the underside of the vehicle, all four wheels will be suspended in the air and turn on all AWD systems. Therefore, while ground clearance is an equal consideration, so is the AWD system.
What is the “worst” type of vehicle for driving on snow?
Historically, the absolute worst snow capable vehicles have been any Rear Wheel Drive (RWD) sports car equipped with “summer performance” tires. The reason that these vehicles are such a poor choice for snow driving is that the weight distribution for the rear wheels is not conducive to producing good traction on or even a very light dusting of frost.
Does AWD help on ice?
When you start, AWD helps. If you’re attempting to turn a corner or stop at a stop light on black ice, then having AWD provides zero benefit. Only by using a dedicated winter tire will you have the necessary grip to drive safely on ice.
Final Say
AWD is an excellent peace of mind option for individuals who live in cold climates (or experience inclement weather). All Wheel Drive will give you a better feeling of stability when driving on wet/snowy roads.
However, if you live in a state such as Florida or Southern California, you will be paying for a feature that you likely will not use that often. You would be better benefited from the cost savings of purchasing and insuring a Front Wheel Drive vehicle.
If you have to find your way to work before the snowplow gets to the road, the All Wheel Drive badge will be worth every penny of your investment. Drive safe!
What are your thoughts on AWD? Share with us in the comments.
Sources
https://www.progressive.com/answers/how-awd-and-4wd-affects-insurance
https://www.consumerreports.org/cars/automotive-technology/2wd-vs-awd-vs-4wd-a5663578720
